[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.jalazura.cz\/strasikovo-tajemstvi\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.jalazura.cz\/strasikovo-tajemstvi\/","headline":"Stra\u0161\u00edkovo tajemstv\u00ed","name":"Stra\u0161\u00edkovo tajemstv\u00ed","description":"Mo\u0159sk\u00e1 ryba stra\u0161\u00edk malo\u00fast\u00fd (Macropinna microstoma) \u017eije v\u00a0severn\u00edch oblastech Pacifiku, v\u00a0hlubin\u00e1ch od 600 do 800 metr\u016f, kde se nach\u00e1z\u00ed jen mal\u00e9, anebo v\u016fbec \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed sv\u011btla. Je to takzvan\u00e1 z\u00f3na soumraku. Jak tedy tato ryba dok\u00e1\u017ee vysledovat ko\u0159ist a svou budouc\u00ed potravu? Slou\u017e\u00ed j\u00ed k\u00a0tomu speci\u00e1ln\u011b uzp\u016fsoben\u00e9 o\u010di, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed teleskopick\u00e9 vid\u011bn\u00ed. Jsou obrovsk\u00e9, maj\u00ed...","datePublished":"2023-04-28","dateModified":"2023-04-28","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.jalazura.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.jalazura.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/89f417dfbb336d235b856435ef935ffa51c2f646edc1f5c4e6fccf32a9c88173?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/89f417dfbb336d235b856435ef935ffa51c2f646edc1f5c4e6fccf32a9c88173?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"jalazura.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.jalazura.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/Macropinna_Microstoma.png","url":"https:\/\/www.jalazura.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/Macropinna_Microstoma.png","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.jalazura.cz\/strasikovo-tajemstvi\/","about":["V\u011bda"],"wordCount":392,"articleBody":"Mo\u0159sk\u00e1 ryba stra\u0161\u00edk malo\u00fast\u00fd (Macropinna microstoma) \u017eije v\u00a0severn\u00edch oblastech Pacifiku, v\u00a0hlubin\u00e1ch od 600 do 800 metr\u016f, kde se nach\u00e1z\u00ed jen mal\u00e9, anebo v\u016fbec \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed sv\u011btla. Je to takzvan\u00e1 z\u00f3na soumraku. Jak tedy tato ryba dok\u00e1\u017ee vysledovat ko\u0159ist a svou budouc\u00ed potravu? Slou\u017e\u00ed j\u00ed k\u00a0tomu speci\u00e1ln\u011b uzp\u016fsoben\u00e9 o\u010di, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed teleskopick\u00e9 vid\u011bn\u00ed. Jsou obrovsk\u00e9, maj\u00ed v\u00e1lcovit\u00fd a\u017e soudkovit\u00fd tvar a zelenou barvu. Horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st hlavy v\u010detn\u011b o\u010d\u00ed je obklopena pr\u016fhledn\u00fdm krytem, vypln\u011bn\u00fdm bezbarvou tekutinou. D\u00edky tomu dok\u00e1\u017ee ryba maximalizovat zachycen\u00e9 sv\u011btlo, a o\u010di ot\u00e1\u010det a zaost\u0159ovat do r\u016fzn\u00fdch sm\u011br\u016f.\u00a0\u00a0Stra\u0161\u00edk malo\u00fast\u00fd je tak k \u017eivotu v hlubin\u00e1ch pln\u011b p\u0159izp\u016fsoben. Ameri\u010dt\u00ed v\u011bdci, mo\u0159\u0161t\u00ed biologov\u00e9, d\u00edky sledov\u00e1n\u00ed stra\u0161\u00edk\u016f kamerami v\u00a0jejich p\u0159irozen\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed, zjistili, \u017ee i kdy\u017e ryby spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00ed nehybn\u011b a\u017e strnule ve vod\u011b, p\u0159ece jen se n\u011bco pohybuje. A to jejich o\u010di, kter\u00e9 se nat\u00e1\u010dej\u00ed v\u0161emi sm\u011bry a sl\u00edd\u00ed po potrav\u011b. Dv\u011b skvrny nad \u00fasty jsou podobn\u00e9 lidsk\u00fdm nosn\u00edm d\u00edrk\u00e1m. Pr\u016fhlednou schr\u00e1nku v\u011bdci objevili a\u017e v\u00a0roce 2009, p\u0159esto\u017ee ryba byla pops\u00e1na u\u017e\u00a0roku 1939. B\u011b\u017en\u011b se toti\u017e st\u00e1valo, \u017ee stra\u0161\u00edk\u016fm, vyta\u017een\u00fdm z\u00a0mo\u0159e pr\u016fhledn\u00e1 krytka v\u00a0d\u016fsledku zm\u011bny tlaku praskla, a nebyla tedy po cel\u00e1 l\u00e9ta objevena. \u0158adu let se toti\u017e biologov\u00e9 setk\u00e1vali pouze s\u00a0mrtv\u00fdmi exempl\u00e1\u0159i, chycen\u00fdmi v\u00a0s\u00edti. Tak\u017ee se p\u016fvodn\u011b domn\u00edvali, \u017ee stra\u0161\u00edkovy o\u010di, je\u017e jsou obr\u00e1cen\u00e9 vzh\u016fru, dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed sledovat pouze prostor nad sebou. A tak p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed po desetilet\u00edch v\u00fdzkumu bylo obrovsk\u00e9.Ryba je pom\u011brn\u011b vz\u00e1cn\u00e1, za t\u0159icet let v\u00fdzkumu se s\u00a0n\u00ed v\u011bdci setkali v\u00a0jej\u00edm p\u0159irozen\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed pouze 9x. Mo\u0159\u0161t\u00ed biologov\u00e9 se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee pr\u016fhledn\u00e1 kupole pom\u00e1h\u00e1 stra\u0161\u00edkovi chr\u00e1nit o\u010di v\u00a0dob\u011b, kdy sb\u00edr\u00e1 potravu mezi chapadly sifonofor\u016f. Jedn\u00e1 se o druh \u017eahav\u00fdch med\u00faz, kter\u00e9 pluj\u00ed v\u00a0hlubin\u00e1ch v\u00a0dlouh\u00fdch, tak\u0159ka smrt\u00edc\u00edch provazc\u00edch.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                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